Category: Executive Compensation
Is there a place for more inside directors on corporate boards?
In this article in the Harvard Business Review, a law professor from the University of Calgary makes “The Case for More Company Insiders on Boards.” From the end of World War II to the 1970s, he observes, the composition of most boards of U.S. companies was predominantly insider—75% of board directors were insiders in the decade after World War II. But, he maintains, that changed “in the wake of the rising distrust of all American institutions” after Viet Nam and Watergate in the 1970s, as new concepts of corporate governance emerged and the NYSE began to adopt listing rule changes, such as a requirement for independent audit committees. And after the Enron and WorldCom financial scandals of the 2000s, further changes in corporate governance requirements and expectations for board independence ultimately made the overwhelming prevalence of independent directors on corporate boards and committees de rigueur. By 2005, the author reports, 75% of directors of large U.S. public companies were independent and, as of 2023, that percentage had risen to 85%. But is that necessarily a good thing? Maybe not so much, the author contends. Rather, he maintains, the “empirical research on director independence suggests…that business leaders should re-consider the merits of inside directors.”
SEC approves Nasdaq corporate governance rule changes
In May, Nasdaq proposed to revise some of its corporate governance rules—specifically Rules 5605, 5615 and 5810—to modify the phase-in schedules for the independent director and committee requirements in connection with a slew of different circumstances: IPOs, spin-offs and carve-outs, companies emerging from bankruptcy, companies ceasing to qualify as Foreign Private Issuers, companies ceasing to be controlled companies, companies transferring from other national securities exchanges, and companies listing securities that were, immediately prior to listing, registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. In addition, Nasdaq proposed to codify or amend its practices regarding the applicability of certain cure periods. Many of the changes proposed by Nasdaq were similar to rules that had previously been approved for the NYSE. There were apparently no comments received on the proposal, even after the SEC designated a longer time period for approval. On Monday, the SEC approved Nasdaq’s proposal.
Are companies getting the clawback checkboxes right?
As you know, in 2022, the SEC adopted a new clawback rule, Exchange Act Rule 10D-1, which directed the national securities exchanges to establish listing standards requiring listed issuers to adopt and comply with a clawback policy and to provide disclosure about the policy and its implementation. Under the rules, the clawback policy had to provide that, in the event the listed issuer was required to prepare an accounting restatement—including not just “reissuance,” or “Big R,” restatements, but also “revision” or “little r” restatements—the issuer must recover the incentive-based compensation that was erroneously paid to its current or former executive officers based on the misstated financial reporting measure. The recovery policy had to apply to incentive compensation received during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date that the company was required to prepare a restatement. (See this PubCo post.) The clawback rules added a requirement to include new checkboxes on the cover pages of Form 10-K, Form 20-F and Form 40-F to indicate separately (a) whether the financial statements of the issuer included in the filing reflect correction of errors to previously issued financial statements, and (b) whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the issuer’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period. (See this PubCo post.) It’s worth noting here that the first box, which applies to correction of any errors in the financial statements filed, is broader in scope than the second, which applies if the restatements needed a potential clawback analysis, even if no actual recovery was required. Apparently, there hasn’t been much action for the second box. In this article, Bloomberg reports on a study by research firm Nonlinear Analytics LLC, which showed that of “the 205 companies that reported accounting corrections in their annual financial statements so far this year, just 29—less than 15%—said they reviewed the error to see if they needed to force a compensation clawback,” i.e., reported that they performed a potential recovery analysis. And, only two of the companies that performed an analysis ended up clawing back any executive bonuses.
New Cooley Alert: ISS Opens Survey for 2025 Policy Changes; Glass Lewis Seeks Informal Feedback
It’s that time again—ISS and Glass Lewis have launched their annual policy surveys, where they seek your feedback on some of their policies. That makes it just right time to get the scoop from this helpful new Cooley Alert, ISS Opens Survey for 2025 Policy Changes; Glass Lewis Seeks Informal Feedback, from our Compensation and Benefits and Public Companies groups. As discussed in the Alert, both surveys address executive comp issues; separately, ISS “focuses more on shareholder proposal-related policies,” and Glass Lewis asks “numerous questions regarding board oversight and performance, including director accountability.” The Alert suggests that the 2025 amendments “may be relatively low impact,” consistent with the “relatively minor policy amendments from ISS and Glass Lewis in 2024.” Be sure to check out the new Alert!
Do companies adopt clawback policies exceeding minimum SEC requirements?
In 2022, after seven years of marinating on the SEC’s long-term agenda, the SEC adopted rules to implement Section 954 of Dodd-Frank, the clawback provision. The rules directed the national securities exchanges to establish listing standards requiring listed issuers to adopt and comply with a clawback policy and to provide disclosure about the policy and its implementation. Under the rules, the clawback policy was required to provide that, in the event the listed issuer was required to prepare an accounting restatement—including not just “reissuance,” or “Big R,” restatements, but also “revision” or “little r” restatements—the issuer must recover the incentive-based compensation that was erroneously paid to its current or former executive officers based on the misstated financial reporting measure. (See this PubCo post.) The requirements have been in effect for a bit now. But how did companies respond? Did they stick to the script? Or, after examining their own “governance philosophies,” did companies amp up the rules to actually expand the scope of their clawback policies? This piece from consultant FW Cook reporting on their study of large cap companies showed that “80% maintain an expanded clawback policy that goes beyond the SEC requirements.”
Nasdaq proposes rule changes related to phase-ins and cure periods
Nasdaq has proposed to modify some of its corporate governance rules—specifically Rules 5605, 5615 and 5810—to modify the phase-in schedules for the independent director and committee requirements in connection with IPOs, spin-offs and carve-outs, bankruptcy and other specified circumstances and to clarify the applicability of certain cure periods.
Cooley Alert: Proposed Regulations on Stock Buyback Excise Tax
In April, the Treasury Department and the IRS published proposed regs on the 1% excise tax on stock buybacks imposed under the Inflation Reduction Act. As discussed in this comprehensive Cooley Alert, IRS Publishes Proposed Regulations on Stock Buyback Excise Tax, from our Comp & Benefits and Tax groups, the proposed regs take an expansive approach, applying the excise tax to transactions not typically considered stock buybacks, including redemptions and transactions that are economically similar to redemptions, such as exchanges of target stock in acquisitive reorganizations and other economically similar transactions. The Alert cautions that “companies may have excise tax liability or tax return filing obligations in myriad circumstances.”
Is the proxy advisory industry a net benefit or cost to shareholders?
In Seven Questions About Proxy Advisors, from the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford, the authors, David Larcker and Brian Tayan, examine the proxy advisory firm industry—all two of them. Well, actually, as the paper observes, there are a large number of small players, but Institutional Shareholder Services and Glass Lewis “control[] almost the entire market.” It’s well-known that recommendations from ISS and GL are considered important—sometimes even a major aspect of the battle—especially in contests for corporate control and director elections. But, the authors point out, the extent of their influence on “voting outcomes and corporate choices is not established, nor is the role they play in the market. Are proxy advisory firms information intermediaries (that digest and distill proxy data), issue spotters (that highlight matters deserving closer scrutiny), or standard setters (that influence corporate choices through their guidelines and models)? Because of the uncertainty around these questions, disagreement exists whether their influence is beneficial, benign, or harmful. Defenders of proxy advisors tout them as advocates for shareholder democracy, while detractors fashion them as unaccountable standard setters.” The paper examines “seven important questions about the role, influence and effectiveness of proxy advisory firms.” The authors explore why there is so much controversy about the purpose, role and contribution of proxy advisory firms, asking whether “the proxy advisory industry—as currently structured—[is] a net benefit or cost to shareholders?”
What happened at the Corp Fin Workshop of PLI’s SEC Speaks 2024?
At the Corp Fin Workshop last week, a segment of PLI’s SEC Speaks 2024, the panel focused on disclosure review, a task that occupies 70% of Corp Fin attorneys and accountants. The panel discussed several key topics, looking back to 2023 and forward to 2024. Some of the presentations are discussed below.
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